CAL AMSTERDAM – Cannabis Pimps – A Growing Number of California Cities Are Opening Weed Cafés – Imagine a restaurant where you can order dark chocolate infused with cannabis, or where you can pick a pre-rolled joint from a menu and light up at your table – or Marijuana at Starbucks 1-800-662-HELP

OJAI, Calif. — Imagine a restaurant where you can order dark chocolate infused with cannabis, or where you can pick a pre-rolled joint from a menu and light up at your table. Think of your neighborhood Starbucks or local dive bar, but with marijuana on tap.

It might sound like Amsterdam, but these businesses appear to be part of the next wave of California’s weed industry, which four years after legalization is still looking for ways to compete with the state’s huge illegal pot market.

These cannabis lounges are opening (or reopening, after pandemic closures) in West Hollywood, San Francisco, Palm Springs and elsewhere. And many smaller California cities, including Ojai, a popular destination 90 minutes from Los Angeles, are considering allowing them as a means to increase tax revenue and attract tourists.

“This is pretty obviously the way things are going to go in the future, and I don’t want to be left behind,” Councilman Ryan Blatz said, minutes before the Ojai City Council voted last week to consider allowing cannabis lounges.

The idea isn’t universally popular. Though California voters legalized marijuana in 2016, the law preserved local control, and many officials don’t want weed sold in their communities. Sixty-two percent of California’s cities and counties, including large municipalities such as Bakersfield, Anaheim and Fremont, don’t allow any kind of marijuana retail.

And cannabis lounges in particular raise a litany of new policy questions that probably won’t be easy to sort out, experts say. “These are a totally new frontier,” said Brad Rowe, an adjunct professor of cannabis policy at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Shortly after California legalized recreational marijuana, the Ojai City Council voted in 2018 to let three dispensaries sell recreational cannabis in the town of 7,500. A scenic valley in Ventura County, Ojai has long been a destination for Southern Californians going wine tasting or indulging in a spa weekend.

On a recent Sunday in the town, some visitors wandered along the arch-lined main drag holding ice cream cones or sipped beers on shady patios. A mile from the crowds, a sandwich board on a desolate road invited drivers to the city’s dispensaries: “Let’s Get Baked.”

Despite being relegated to an industrial area, the three weed shops have delivered hundreds of thousands of tax dollars to Ojai, both from local and out-of-town customers. Jeffrey Kroll, who owns one of the shops, Shangri-La Care Centers, said that 20 percent of his weekend sales come from visitors.

Currently, patrons can buy cannabis products to take home, sort of like a grocery store for pot. But Ojai officials are considering allowing its dispensaries to create spaces in their existing locations where customers can consume cannabis on-site, whether by vaping, smoking or eating edibles. (If you’re wondering, alcohol isn’t allowed at cannabis lounges.)

Port Hueneme, a beach town 30 miles from Ojai, recently became the first city in Ventura County to legalize lounges, and seven states allow them as well, according to Ojai city staff. In other words, lounges could keep Ojai competitive in the tourism game.

“Who doesn’t want to, you know, smoke a joint or two in a hot tub with cucumbers on your face?” said Bob Solomon, a U.C. Irvine professor who studies cannabis law.

But there are a number of complications, experts say. California law restricts indoor smoking, which could preclude customers from puffing on a joint in a lounge. And there are regulations intended to protect employees from working in smoke-filled environments, Rowe said.

He also pointed out that edibles could take hours to kick in, so people could be leaving a weed cafe just as they begin to feel the effects. And then there are all the considerations about where these lounges should be located within a city, and how many is appropriate to have within one community.

This segment of the industry is “in the infancy of its infancy,” Rowe told me. “We haven’t even begun to scratch the surface. We’ve got some figuring out to do.”

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CAL AMSTERDAM – Brain scans could help police detect cannabis impairment in drivers – Driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs is a serious offense and a major catalyst for vehicle-related accidents.

Driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs is a serious offense and a major catalyst for vehicle-related accidents. In order to detect irresponsible drivers and sanction them, law enforcement officers employ various tools such as breath analyzers to detect alcohol in a person’s system or rapid drug tests that can respond to specific markers for cocaine, marijuana, and other drugs.

In the not-so-distant future, road checks could also employ mobile brain scanners that detect particular patterns of neural activity associated with intoxication. Scientists explain how this might work for cannabis impairment in a new study.

The alcohol content in the blood is closely related to alcohol-related impairment. Even though a breathalyzer indirectly measures the amount of alcohol in one’s breath, a measurement on the handheld device over a certain threshold of intoxication is very closely correlated with the person’s genuine inability to perform well on the road.

There are also breath tests for THC, the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, but they’re not reliable for quantitative analyses. They just tell you if someone used marijuana recently, not how high they actually are. Prosecuting someone who legally used marijuana the night prior due to having THC detected in their breath the next morning is neither fair nor productive for law enforcement whose resources and man hours are stretched thin as they are.

In the United States, there are 18 states, along with Washington D.C. and Guam, that have legalized the recreational use and sale of marijuana. With more states planning similar legislative changes, there is now an important need for developing technological solutions that distinguish between impairment and mild intoxication with THC.

Unlike alcohol, a person’s concentration of THC in the body does not correspond well to functional impairment. People who use cannabis very often quickly develop tolerance and don’t have their driving impaired despite the high levels of THC in their system. Furthermore, THC’s metabolites — the byproducts of THC after the body’s metabolism breaks down the drug — can last in the bloodstream for weeks after cannabis use, well beyond the period one could be deemed intoxicated.

Testing strips or breath analyzers can only tell you if a person used marijuana, but not how much, how recently, or how intoxicated the user truly is. This is why researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a noninvasive brain imaging procedure that can reliably identify cannabis users whose performance is impaired in real-time.

For their study, 169 volunteers who use cannabis underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) — a technique that measures blood oxygenation changes similar to fMRI, based upon the changes in absorption of light emitted by sources onto the surface of the head and measured by detectors — before and after receiving either oral THC or a placebo.

Those who reported feeling intoxicated after being given oral THC also showed an increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (HbO) — a type of neural activity signature from the prefrontal cortex region of the brain – compared to those who reported low or no intoxication. Although the same dose was given to all volunteers, there was a very wide range of impairment measured by the researchers, from very mild intoxication to obvious impairment, underscoring the unreliableness of using THC in the blood or oral fluid to identify impairment.

“Identification of acute impairment from THC intoxication through portable brain imaging could be a vital tool in the hands of police officers in the field,” said A. Eden Evins, MD, MPH, founding director of the Center for Addiction Medicine and senior author of the new study. “The accuracy of this method was confirmed by the fact impairment determined by machine learning models using only information from fNIRS matched self-report and clinical assessment of impairment 76 percent of the time.”

The research did not assess the practicality of using this method for assessing impaired driving, but it’s easy to see how this could be useful to law enforcement. There are cheap, mobile fNIRS devices that can be incorporated into a headband or cap and thus can be quickly set up by an officer to distinguish between cannabis impairment and simple exposure.

But it might take a while before you see brain scanners on the roadside. Besides the technical challenges, there are also important privacy concerns that need to be addressed whenever dealing with such sensitive data as someone’s brain activity.

“Companies are developing breathalyzer devices that only measure exposure to cannabis but not impairment from cannabis,” says Gilman. “We need a method that won’t penalize medical marijuana users or others with insufficient amounts of cannabis in their system to impair their performance. While it requires further study, we believe brain-based testing could provide an objective, practical and much needed solution.”

The findings appeared in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology.

CAL AMSTERDAM – Costa Mesa’s First Cannabis Dispensaries Receive Approval To Set Up Shop – Welcome to “Stoner Nation”

The Costa Mesa planning commission approved Tustin-based Culture Cannabis Club and Costa Mesa-based Vertical Four to be the city’s first cannabis retail dispensaries.

The Culture Cannabis Club store will be stationed at 2301 Newport Boulevard, while the Vertical Four shop will set up shop at 1990 Harbor Boulevard.

Santa Ana, the only other Orange County city to allow cannabis retail shops, has 27 dispensaries. The city has received over $30 million from cannabis sales taxes since it approved cannabis shops for operation in 2017.

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